Strategic decision-making theories suggest that organizations that pool strategic Agility and its constructs are likely to perform better than those that emphasize on traditional strategic planning. To assess whether these arguments apply to the public sector; This study explores the Strategic agility construct and their influence on performance through organizations perceived service effectiveness, efficiency and equity of State corporations in Kenya; hence the main objective of this study is to explore the relationship between strategic agility and performance of organizations (considering the components of both concepts and contextual variables). The population of the study included top managers and senior staffs working at the state corporations in Kenya. Results showed a significant positive correlation between strategic agility and organizational performance. All components of organizational performance had a positive significant relationship with Strategic agility. The relationship between the individual components of strategic agility and organizational performance is positive and significant. Variables of Age, work experience, and organizational position, had a positive significant relationship with the strategic agility of the organization, while about sex and educational level, no significant relationship found. The study recommend that strategic sensitivity (It is about an organization’s ability to move all personnel up the strategic agility spectrum from ‘Individual totally unaware to the potential changes that might impact the company’ to perceiving it and be prepared to do something about it’must be considered.

Social media has swept through popular culture recently and more than 1.5 billion members globally joined online communities and started using social platforms. Hence, the popularity of social media cannot be ignored by any industry. This study sought to establish the relationship of social media use and employee performance in public universities in Kenya. The study centered on the effects of Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and WhatsApp on employee performance in Rongo University. Descriptive design was adopted with a target population of 497 employees from Rongo University. 136 respondents were sampled and administered with structured questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential analysis with the aid of the statistical software for social sciences (SPSS). Findings revealed that Twitter, LinkedIn and WhatsApp affect employee performance. The study concluded that employee performance associated with LinkedIn was attributed to knowledge, information sharing, career advancement and collaborations. Other social media had inverse relationship with employee performance because their usage was not related to actual assigned duties. The study recommended implementation of clear and comprehensive policies to address social media usage, relevance, site restrictions and information confidentiality. More funds should be allocated to train personnel on social media usage in public institutions

African indigenous practices had specific religious significance in managing water resources, where everything had a religious aspect. In this sense, water catchment areas were treated sacred. People in Meru held religious events under designated trees. This way harvesting trees and other natural resources was approached with religious reverence, taking care to conserve the ecological environment leading to sustainable development. There are a number of challenges facing the contemporary exploitation, protection and preservation of natural resources, including at the water catchment areas. This endangers sustainable community development. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the contemporary lessons that can be drawn from the African indigenous management of water catchment areas. Literature on African religious environmentalism and the theory of critical institutionalism including concepts of path-dependence which stipulate that people’s behavior depend on past practices passed on through teaching and mentorship were reviewed. The institutional bricolage addresses the way community institutions evolve through creative efforts of mixing the old practices with the new ways of resolving the contemporary challenges in sustainable community development. The study adopted mixed methods with quantitative and qualitative techniques of field data collection and analysis. The population included Members of the Njuri Ncheke group in Meru, religious leaders, professionals, and community stakeholders. Purposeful cluster sampling was used to ensure equal coverage of the population groups in Meru County. The study found that many water catchment areas and rivers were drying up, with increased deforestation, large-scale irrigation water harvesting, and pollution of the water bodies. The study concluded that there were many religious ethical values to be learnt from African indigenous management of water catchment areas, and recommended further study and action on religious ethical stewardship of water and environmental resources toward sustainable development

Financial sustainability has always been a dream for every PBO serving in Kenya and by extension in Africa. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Kenya mostly depend on foreign funding. Studies expose the declining state of foreign funding coupled with the Miscellaneous Amendment Act of 2013 both of which impose a strain to PBOs. This paper explored the challenges faced by PBOs in implementing financial sustainability strategies in Nairobi informal settlements in Kenya. It was concurrent mixed methods approach study that employed a descriptive design and was carried out between January and August 2015. The study targeted various PBO stakeholders who were randomly and purposively sampled constituting a sample size of 304. Structured questions and interviews were the methods used to collect data while questionnaires and interview guides were tools used to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis in themes. The findings showed that 90% of the PBOs that were sampled faced challenges in implementing their financial sustainability strategies while 9.5% were not facing challenges in implementing their financial sustainability strategies. Most of the PBOs financial sustainability strategies faced a challenge of lack of commitment, this was represented by 47.6%, while 38.1% faced lack of capital to establish the financial sustainability strategies, 9.5% cited slow growth of the financial suitability initiatives while 4.8% attributed to government laws and policies. The study recommended that PBOs should ensure they exhaustively engage stakeholders in program design, implementation and resource mobilization to enhance commitment and ownership of the PBO programs and financial sustainability strategies, develop fundraising policies which will institutionalize resource mobilization. The government being a major stakeholder should explore ways of partnering and funding effective and efficient PBOs. It should review policies and laws that restrict PBOs from doing business and enable PBOs to start business related projects that will consistently generate income for the PBOs. Parliament should also amend the CDF Act to enable CDF- PBO partnerships and also review the tax laws to allow tax relief for cooperate entities that financially support results oriented PBOs

The proportion of bank lending to the agricultural sector is generally low across the globe, and the situation is no different in Kenya. This is despite the fact that commercial banks have continued to launch tailor-made loan products that target specific groups in the sector. Studies acknowledging low credit volume in the sector have mostly focused on supply side factors that account for the status. However, there are ex-ante factors averting potential agricultural clients from seeking commercial bank credit. This paper investigated mobile banking technology adoption as a factor influencing the level of agricultural credit demand by agricultural households. Using data from dairy farmers, the study explored the relationship between an individual’s espousal of mobile banking technology and the likelihood to access a commercial bank loan through the mobile-banking platform. Specific social-demographic factors were hypothesized to moderate the relationship between mobile-banking technology adoption and credit access. The study was anchored on the fact that the world is swiftly transiting from an industrial to a knowledge-based technological environment for sustainable development. In line with this, commercial banks have been in the forefront in substituting traditional banking models with innovative technology based models in offering banking services including credit An individual’s espousal and frequency of use of mobile banking platform were used to assess a potential borrower’s the level of technology adoption. Using the double- hurdle methodology, an assessment of the likelihood of participating in bank credit market using mobile technology services was analyzed using a normal Probit model. Then, a truncated Tobit model was used to evaluate the loan amount requested for, using data from respondents with positive credit amounts. Survey data was collected using a stratified random sampling from 243 households engaged in dairy farming within the study area. Findings revealed that technology adoption influence both the credit access, and the level of credit demand by dairy farmers from the commercial banks in the study area. Borrower’s age and education level were found to moderate the relationship between technology adoption and credit access. The implication of the findings was that is that to increase loan volume, banks should put in place strategies to market all services on the mobile banking platform, including loan application. Further, the interventions should include targeted financial literacy programs with aspects of technological education among clients in the higher age brackets, as well as clients with low education status who reported low adoption.

The success of a commercial bank depends on income and value of its assets (loans). This study focused on interest rates and their effect on performance of the commercial banks in Kenya. Descriptive research design was adopted with a target population of 153 respondents from the credit departments. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 111 respondents who were administered with a structured questionnaire. The collected data was collated and coded for descriptive and inferential analyses using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Findings revealed that Central bank (CBK) policies affect the interest rates charged (mean 4.23), interest rates charged vary depending on repayment period (mean 3.85), higher portfolio at risk (PAR) increases the number of NPLs (mean 3.77) and increased interest income promotes high performance by banks (mean 3.94).There was a statistically significant relationship between interest rates, loan provision and performance of commercial banks. The study recommended that commercial banks should effectively respond to CBK interest rate policies, minimize number of bad loans and strive to maintain low PAR.

Participation of all rural community members is important in promoting agricultural productivity toward sustainable development. Women empowerment is necessary to enable them participate in promoting increased agricultural productivity and sustainable food security. Empowered women have equal control of decision making, taking responsibility, holding different social actors accountable, having access to resources for food production, and control over agricultural produce to improve the welfare of the household and community members. However, rural women mostly face disempowering forces from the dominant paternalistic indigenous African culture. The study used desktop research method to assess the dynamics of participatory empowerment of rural women to increase agricultural productivity in the theoretical basis of gender and sustainable development in Kenya. The study found that women in rural areas work very hard in the labor intensive agricultural production, but have very law control over how the crop produce is utilized. Men tend to dominate decision making about the agricultural produce, mostly characterized by selling food produce soon after harvesting. This leaves the household without enough food to last until the next crop is harvested. The conclusion was that there was need for community education through rights-based approach to overcome the socio-cultural challenges of indigenous paternalistic culture common in the rural communities, and achieve gender integration in sustainable development. The study recommended further research and action that could empower rural women to participate in increasing agricultural productivity with gender equality. Rural women need to be enabled to take active role in determining the appropriate utilization of the crop produce to improve the well being of rural vulnerable households toward sustainable development

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to analyse the effect of internal marketing strategy on employee performance among selected public universities in Kenya. Design/Methodology: A total of 384 employees were sampled from both administrative and academic staff positions, employing stratified random sampling proportionately from the selected four Universities. The study used primary data which was largely quantitative, collected by use of structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. Findings reveal a significant relationship between internal marketing strategy and employee performance among selected public universities in Kenya. Findings: Findings reveal a significant relationship between internal marketing strategy and employee performance among selected public universities in Kenya. Theoretical implications: This study adds value to theory by not only looking at financial development attributes but by empirically analyzing the extent of the effect of internal marketing on employee performance. The study validates the main theory underpinning the study that is the Resource Based View. As established in the study, employees across various public higher education institutions are the key resources thereof, tasked with the mandate to produce both competitive and marketable graduates. Originality/Value: The paper fills an important gap in academic literature by providing insights into the effect internal marketing strategy and employee performance among selected public universities in Kenya. This paper provides policy makers with evidence on the implications of internal marketing strategy and employee performance among selected public universities in Kenya

Innovation strategy provides a clear direction and focuses the effort of the entire organization on a common innovation goal. This study seeks to investigate the innovation strategies adopted by telecommunication service providers for competitive advantage in Kenya with special focus on Airtel Kenya. This research problem is studied through the use of descriptive research design. The target population for this study is the 68 employees of Airtel Kenya at the head office in Nairobi and 100 customer of Airtel Kenya. Stratified random sampling and purposive random sampling techniques were used to select the sample size of 158 respondents since the population of interest is not homogeneous and could be divided into three strata namely; top, middle and low level management. Primary and secondary data is gathered. Primary data was collected by administering survey questionnaires and interview schedules whiles secondary data is gathered from inside the company, libraries, annual reports, published data etc. Qualitative data was analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics using SPSS (version 20). Chi Square was used to test the hypothesis. Content analysis was used to test data that is qualitative in nature, whiles ANOVA was used to test the level of significance of the variables. In addition, the study conducted a multiple regression analysis to generate quantitative reports through tabulations, percentages, and measures of central tendency. The study established that technological innovation strategies, product innovation strategies, marketing innovation strategies, and process innovation strategies had significant influence effect competitive advantage of Airtel Kenya Limited. The study concludes that technological innovation strategies, product innovation strategies, marketing innovation strategies, and process innovation strategies all had a positive influence on competitive advantage of Airtel Kenya Limited. The study recomends that; It is very crucial for the telecommunication firms to keep innovating by investing heavily in the research and development in order to overcome the challenge of an improved innovative and efficient product for the consumers. Therefore, firms should continually invest in new technology or new product, market innovation and process innovation strategies so as to ensure insure profitability for themselves.

Telecommuting is becoming a critical human resource management strategy in many organizations due to its implications for increased employee flexibility and productivity and organizational cost savings. Mobile technology is gaining popularity among people globally, including low income earners. This is because of the vast convenience for the users brought by the mobile communication devices. Many of the mobile devices are faced out at an alarming rate due to rapid technological change. Several studied literature lead to widespread agreement that landfill of electronic waste and electric equipment is not a suitable end-of-use management choice. If landfill was diverted through the recycling of e-waste, which typically consists of the recovery of a limited quantity of metals, then it would save on many things including the health of human beings since some of chemicals contained in mobile devices are hazardous to the human body. This paper seeks to explore information on telecommuting and remote communications where benefits and challenges are considered. Also, the green implication of telecommuting is looked at. Finally, the paper presents information on reuse and disposal of mobile devices.

This paper focused the use of mobile phone in the banking industry its economic implications and general a look into the various forms of mobile banking on the security measures that makes the whole process safe for adoption. The mobile ecosystem is constantly changing. The roles of each other are of interest of researchers both in academia and globally various innovative uses the mobile phone to provide financial services to traditional banks. The mobile banking technology systems have implications for the general discussions about mobile telephone in the developing world. Existing study about the significance of mobile communications in the developing world has focused on voice and text messaging. More so emergence of mobile banking also underscore how innovations emerge from unexpected places and have the capability of reconfiguring the technology to its users offering a way to lower the costs of moving money from place to place and opening a way to bring more users into contact with new financial systems

Television drama series has far reaching effects on the viewers` perception of social issues such as sustainable development in every culture and society. This study examined the role of Papa Shirandula television drama series in framing the position of a man and woman in Kakamega town. Specific objectives included; to examine the perception of men and women by the Viewers of the TV drama series and to assess the effect of Papa Shirandula TV drama in stereotyping femininity and masculinity on the viewers. The study employed social construction of reality theory. The research was carried out among the residents of Kakamega municipality who are audiences of Papa Shirandula TV show. A descriptive survey design was adopted. The target population was 442 from which a sample of 133 household heads were derived using simple Random sampling technique. Interviews, focused group discussions and textual analysis were used to generate data. Data analysis was done using the qualitative data analysis techniques. Reliability and validity of the Research instruments were ensured through a pilot study. The results show that femininity was portrayed in terms of a woman being a house wife, homemaker and mother; ignorant, inferior, emotional and dependent on men while masculinity was portrayed in terms of a man being a breadwinner, head of family, superior, non-emotional, independent and decision maker. These stereotypes directly match with the viewers` cultural perception of femininity and masculinity. In conclusion, the role of Papa Shirandula television drama Series demeans the position of a woman while exalting the position of the man in Kakamega town and in Kenya at large. This replicates and reinforce stereotypes of men and women already existing in the society. The study recommended that television drama content creators ought to develop content devoid of the traditional gender stereotypes and aim at ensuring gender equality and incorporate emerging issues that younger generation can relate to and learn from